What is the cause of gum disease?
The mouth is full of bacteria. These bacteria, along with mucus and other particles are constantly forming a "plaque" sticky, colorless film that forms on teeth. Brushing and flossing use help eliminate this plate. When plaque is not removed, it hardens into a deposit called "calculus" or "tartar" that brushing simply can not remove. Only a professional cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist can remove tartar.
Gingivitis
The longer you are on teeth plaque and tartar, the more harmful they become. The bacteria cause inflammation of the gums that is called "gingivitis." If you have gingivitis, the gums become red, swollen and bleed easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that usually can be cured with brushing and using dental floss daily, in addition to regular cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist. This form of periodontal disease causes loss of bone and tissue supporting the teeth.
Periodontitis (or pyorrhea)
When gingivitis is not treated, it can advance to "periodontitis". This means "inflammation around the tooth." In periodontitis, gums pull away from teeth and form spaces or pockets that are infected(also known as "abscesses"). The body's immune system against bacteria as the plaque spreads and grows below the gum line. The toxins of the bacteria and the body's natural response against the infection start to break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place. When periodontitis is not treated, bones, gums and tissues supporting the teeth are destroyed. Over time, teeth can become loose and need to be removed.
